翻譯Radioactive Wastes - Myths and Realities

===10.  應該將核廢料遷變為無害的物質 Nuclear waste should be transmuted into harmless materials===
Transmutation is the process of transforming one radionuclide into another via neutron bombardment in a nuclear reactor or accelerator-driven device. The objective is to change long-lived actinides and fission products into significantly shorter-lived nuclides. The goal is to have wastes that become radiologically harmless in only a few hundred years.

Transmutation is not feasible for all of the wastes produced in the past or to be produced. Transmutation may be able to reduce waste quantities but it will do it only to a certain extent and therefore not eliminate the need for disposal. One of the technical issues is to isolate each nuclide (partitioning) so that it can then be irradiated, otherwise the process is likely to create as much waste as it destroys. Even if the economics of partitioning and transmutation were favourable, it is likely that the benefits would not compensate for the burden of additional operations required for separating and transmuting only part of the nuclides.

Further information

Nuclear Energy Agency's webpage on Partitioning and Transmutation of Minor Actinides and Fission Products ([http://www.nea.fr/html/pt/welcome.html www.nea.fr/html/pt/welcome.html])

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Notes 

a. Nimby is an acronym for 'not in my back yard', and refers to opposition by local residents to a new development. [[http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Nuclear-Fuel-Cycle/Nuclear-Wastes/Radioactive-Wastes---Myths-and-Realities/#a Back]]

b. The quote is from [http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/reducing-hazards-spent-fuel.pdf NRC Review of Paper on Reducing Hazards From Stored Spent Nuclear Fuel], US NRC Fact Sheet (August 2003). The Fact Sheet was published in response to the paper [http://www.princeton.edu/sgs/publications/sgs/pdf/11_1Alvarez.pdf Reducing the Hazards from Stored Spent Power-Reactor Fuel in the United States], Robert Alvarez et al, Science and Global Security, 11:1–51 (2003). See also [http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/commission/speeches/2003/s-03-012.pdf Remarks by Commissioner Edward McGaffigan, Jr.], U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Regulatory Information Conference, Washington, D.C. (17 April 2003) [[http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Nuclear-Fuel-Cycle/Nuclear-Wastes/Radioactive-Wastes---Myths-and-Realities/#b Back]]

c. The quote is taken from Chapter 2, Nuclear and Radiological Threats, of [http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10415 Making the Nation Safer: The Role of Science and Technology in Countering Terrorism], The National Academies Press (ISBN: 9780309084819) [[http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Nuclear-Fuel-Cycle/Nuclear-Wastes/Radioactive-Wastes---Myths-and-Realities/#c Back]]

<p class="InfoBodySubHeading">Related information pages</p>

[http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf04.html Waste Management in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle]



翻譯自：http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Nuclear-Fuel-Cycle/Nuclear-Wastes/Radioactive-Wastes---Myths-and-Realities/
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